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Coös County , usually spelled simply Coos County , is a county in the U.S. state of New Hampshire , including the whole of the state's northern panhandle . The two-syllable pronunciation is sometimes made visible using diaeresis , notably in the Lancaster -based weekly newspaper, The Coös County Democrat , and on some county-owned vehicles. Coös occupies the largest area of any New Hampshire county, but has the smallest population: 33,055, as of 2010. It is the only New Hampshire county to have lost population between the 2000 and 2010 Censuses. The county seat is Lancaster. Major industries are forestry and tourism , with the once-dominant paper-making industry in sharp decline. Coös County is part of the Berlin , NH– VT Micropolitan Statistical Area .
Coös County was separated from the northern part of Grafton County, New Hampshire and organized at Berlin December 24, 1803, although the county seat was later moved to Lancaster , with an additional shire town at Colebrook . The name Coös derives from the Algonquian Indian term meaning crooked , the Indian name of the Connecticut River , which rises in the northernmost end of the county. During the American Revolutionary War two units of troops of the Continental Army — Bedel's Regiment and Whitcomb's Rangers — were raised from the settlers of Coös. From the Treaty of Paris of 1783 until 1835 the boundaries in the northern tip of the county were disputed with Lower Canada , and for some years residents of the area formed the independent Republic of Indian Stream . In the 1810 census there were 3,991 residents, and by 1870 there were nearly 15,000, at which point the entire county was valued at just under $USD 5 million, with farm productivity per acre comparing favorably with that of contemporary Illinois . Other early industries included forestry and manufacturing, using 4,450 water horsepower in 1870.