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Calhoun County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois . According to the 2010 census , it has a population of 5,089, which is an increase of 0.1% from 5,084 in 2000. Its county seat is Hardin . It is part of the Metro-East portion of the St. Louis metropolitan area .
The territory was originally settled by indigenous people who focused their settlement along the resource-rich river valleys. The remains of their occupation have provided some of the most valuable archaeological information in the country. The county's archaeological record chronicles more than 10,000 years of continuous human settlement by Native Americans . Calhoun County was settled by European Americans during the 19th century, and organized in 1825. It was named for Vice President John C. Calhoun . The southern side of the county, covered in thick forest, was untouched until the population began to expand in the 1840s with the arrival of German immigrants. Land was cleared for farming, exporting lumber and constructing spacious log barns, typically 200 square feet in size, which were a "trademark of successful German farmers.
