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Montgomery County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee . The county seat is Clarksville . The population was 172,331 at the 2010 census . It is one of the four counties included in the Clarksville, TN– KY Metropolitan Statistical Area .
The county was named for John Montgomery , a settler who founded the city of Clarksville , Tennessee , in Montgomery County. The county was initially organized as Tennessee County, North Carolina , but its name was changed in 1796, the year that Tennessee was admitted as a state, to reduce confusion. In the same year, much of the eastern portion of the county was removed from its jurisdiction and incorporated with territory taken from Sumner County to form Robertson County . Subsequent acts of the Tennessee General Assembly further reduced the area of the county; it obtained its current size and boundaries in 1871. Montgomery County was the site of several saltpeter mines. Saltpeter is the main ingredient of gunpowder and was obtained by leaching the earth from several local caves. Bellamy Cave, located near Stringtown, contains the remains of two dozen saltpeter leaching vats and was apparently a large operation. Cooper Creek Cave also shows evidence of extensive mining and contains the remains of "many saltpeter hoppers" . Dunbar Cave is also reported to have been mined for saltpeter during the Mexican War, but commercial development has erased any evidence of this mining. In all likelihood, Bellamy Cave and Cooper Creek Cave were mined during the War of 1812.